What are bacteria that do not require free oxygen to live called?

Bacteria that do not require free oxygen to live are referred to as anaerobic bacteria. These microorganisms thrive in environments devoid of oxygen, and many of them can even be harmed or killed by its presence. Anaerobic bacteria carry out anaerobic respiration or fermentation to generate energy, utilizing alternative electron acceptors instead of oxygen.

Understanding the nature of anaerobic bacteria is crucial in various contexts, including clinical settings, where certain infections may be caused by these organisms, and in sterilization processes, where it is important to ensure that conditions are appropriate for killing both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. Knowledge of these characteristics plays a significant role in sterile processing, infection control practices, and in the design of treatment plans in healthcare settings.