What is the key distinction between disinfection and sterilization?

The key distinction between disinfection and sterilization lies in the level of microbial control achieved by each process. Disinfection is aimed primarily at reducing the number of viable microorganisms, particularly pathogens, on surfaces or instruments to a level that is considered safe. This process does not eliminate all microorganisms; rather, it significantly decreases their presence to prevent infection and contamination.

On the other hand, sterilization is a more rigorous process that completely eliminates all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. This level of microbial control is critical in medical and surgical settings where absolute sterility is necessary to prevent infections during procedures.

Understanding this distinction is essential for Central Sterile Processing Technicians, as it informs the methods they choose for cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing instruments and surfaces, depending on the required level of safety and the intended use of the items being processed.