Which of the following statements is true about items that enter the vascular system?

Items that enter the vascular system must be sterilized before use to ensure they are free of all viable microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. This is crucial because any contamination can lead to serious infections or complications for the patient. The vascular system is a sterile environment, so any instruments, devices, or materials that come into contact with it must adhere to the highest standards of cleaning and sterilization.

The need for sterilization stems from the high risk associated with using non-sterile items in a sterile environment. Items used in procedures that invade the vascular system, such as IV catheters or surgical instruments, require a strict adherence to sterilization protocols to maintain patient safety and prevent healthcare-associated infections. Sterilization methods include steam sterilization, ethylene oxide, and others, which are specifically designed to destroy all forms of microbial life.

In contrast, other options do not align with the requirements for items used in the vascular system. Disinfection methods are appropriate for surfaces and some non-critical items but do not achieve the level of sterility needed for vascular access. Therefore, sterilization is the only acceptable method for items that interact with the vascular system.